1. The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a canid native to Central, South and Southeast Asia. Other English names for the species include Asiatic wild dog, Indian wild dog.
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Dhole - Wikipedia. This article is about the species of wild dog. Lovecraft's fictional monster, see Dhole (Cthulhu Mythos). The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a canid native to Central, South and Southeast Asia. Other English names for the species include Asiatic wild dog. Factors contributing to this decline include habitat loss, loss of prey, competition with other species, persecution due to livestock predation, and disease transfer from domestic dogs.

The possible earliest written use of the word in English occurred in 1. Thomas Williamson, who encountered the animal in Ramghur district. He stated that dhole was a common local name for the species.

This is one of the first illustrations of the species, featured in Thomas Williamson's Oriental Field Sports. The depiction though is based on Williamson's description of the animal as resembling the Indian pariah dog. The species was first described in literature in 1. Pesteref, who encountered dholes during his travels in far eastern Russia.

He described the animal as being a regular pack hunter of Alpine ibex, and of bearing many similarities with the golden jackal. It was given the binomial name. Canis alpinus in 1. Midnight Club 3 Dub Edition Remix Auto Cheatsheet. Peter Pallas, who described its range as encompassing the upper levels of Udskoi Ostrog in Amurland, towards the eastern side and in the region of the upper Lena River, though he wrote that it also occurred around the Yenisei River, and that it occasionally crossed into China. It resembled Canis in its physical form more than the modern species, which has greatly reduced molars, whose cusps have developed into sharply trenchant points.

By the Middle Pleistocene, C. Late Middle Pleistocene dholes were virtually indistinguishable from their modern descendants, save for their greater size, which closely approached that of the grey wolf. The dhole became extinct in much of Europe during the late W. George Simpson placed the dhole in the subfamily Simocyoninae alongside the African wild dog and the bush dog, on account of all three species' similar dentition. Nevertheless, two major phylogeographic groupings were discovered in dholes of the Asian mainland, which likely diverged during a glaciation event.

One population extends from South, Central, and North India (south of the Ganges) into Burma, and the other extends from India north of the Ganges into northeastern India, Burma, Thailand and the Malaysian Peninsula. The origin of dholes in Sumatra and Java is, as of 2. India, Burma and China rather than with those in nearby Malaysia. In the absence of further data, the researchers involved in the study speculated that Javan and Sumatran dholes could have been introduced to the islands by humans. It stands 1. 7–2. Like the African wild dog, its ears are rounded rather than pointed. In the winter coat, the back is clothed in a saturated rusty- red to reddish colour with brownish highlights along the top of the head, neck and shoulders.

The throat, chest, flanks, belly and the upper parts of the limbs are less brightly coloured, and are more yellowish in tone. The lower parts of the limbs are whitish, with dark brownish bands on the anterior sides of the forelimbs. The muzzle and forehead are greyish- reddish. The tail is very luxuriant and fluffy, and is mainly of a reddish- ocherous colour, with a dark brown tip. The summer coat is shorter, coarser and darker. Dholes in the Moscow Zoo moult once a year from March to May.

How this sound is produced is unknown, though it is thought to help in coordinating the pack when travelling through thick brush. When attacking prey, they emit screaming Ka. Ka. Ka. KAA sounds. Friendly or submissive greetings are accompanied by horizontal lip retraction and the lowering of the tail, as well as licking. Playful dholes will open their mouths with their lips retracted and their tails held in a vertical position whilst assuming a play bow.

Aggressive or threatening dholes will pucker their lips forward in a snarl and raise the hairs on their backs, as well as keep their tails horizontal or vertical. When afraid, they pull their lips back horizontally with their tails tucked and their ears flat against the skull. In India, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia and China, they prefer forested areas in alpine zones, and occasionally also in plains regions. There are no recent reports from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan or Tajikistan, though one specimen was caught in southern China's Jiangxi district. Also, in 2. 01. 1 to 2. Taxkorgan Reserve in the Karakoram/Pamir Mountains region of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, on China’s border with Pakistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

It once occurred in the alpine steppes extending into Kashmir to the Ladakh area, but has not been recorded in Pakistan. In north- east India, it is present in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and West Bengal and in the Indo- Gangetic Plain's Terai region.

Dhole populations in the Himalaya and north- west India are fragmented. It is unlikely that these zones contain viable populations, considering most sightings involve small groups or solitary specimens, and they're likely decreasing in number due to the lack of prey. Nikolai Spassov, the current director of this museum) and the Karadeniz Technical University began an expedition to track and document this possible Turkish population of dhole.

In this manner, they closely resemble African wild dogs in social structure. In contrast, dhole clans frequently break into small packs of 3–5 animals, particularly during the spring season, as this is the optimal number for catching fawns. In Thailand, clans rarely exceed three individuals. When urinating, dholes, especially males, may raise one hind leg or both to result in a handstand. Handstand urination is also seen in bush dogs (Speothos venaticus). Faeces are often deposited in what appear to be communal latrines.

They do not scrape the earth with their feet as other canids do to mark their territories. Dens are typically located under dense scrub or on the banks of dry rivers or creeks.

The entrance to a dhole den can be almost vertical, with a sharp turn three to four feet down. The tunnel opens into an antechamber, from which extends more than one passage. Some dens may have up to six entrances leading up to 1. There is no copulatory tie characteristic of other canids when the male dismounts. Instead, the pair lie on their sides facing each other in a semicircular formation.

Pups are suckled at least 5. During this time, the pack feeds the mother at the den site. Dholes do not use rendezvous sites to meet their pups as wolves do, though one or more adults will stay with the pups at the den while the rest of the pack hunts. Once weaning begins, the adults of the clan will regurgitate food for the pups until they are old enough to join in hunting. They remain at the den site 7. By the age of six months, pups accompany the adults on hunts, and will assist in killing large prey such as sambar by the age of eight months. They rarely hunt nocturnally, except on moonlit nights, indicating they greatly rely on sight when hunting.

Most chases are short, lasting only 5. They do not use a killing bite to the throat.

The stomach and rumen are usually left untouched. Once prey is secured, dholes will tear off pieces of the carcass and eat in seclusion. In the Altai and Sayan Mountains, they prey on musk deer and reindeer. In eastern Siberia, they prey on roe deer, Manchurian wapiti, wild pig, musk deer, and reindeer, while in Primorye they feed on sika deer and goral, too. In Mongolia, they prey on argali and rarely Siberian ibex. In captivity, they eat various kinds of grasses, herbs and leaves, seemingly for pleasure rather than just when ill. Livestock stall- fed at night and grazed near homes are never attacked.

Oxen are killed more often than cows, probably because they are given less protection. Competition between these species is mostly avoided through differences in prey selection, although there is still substantial dietary overlap.